Inspection standards for the a nalysis of a quatic v accine s
Chun-Ta Lin
Abstract
Taiwan has a variety of warm water fishes that are commercially reared within the aquaculture in dustry such as g rouper mullet tilapia and various b ass species . Although aquatic fish rearing and breeding techniques in Taiwan are well run and qualified, there still are some recurrent aquatic disease problems that lead to significant economic los ses . A ntibiotic s and other chemical compounds are typically applied to control aquatic disease outbreak s , but an ideal epidemic prevention policy we should entail active front end animal immunization instead of back end administration of medicine, thereby reduc ing public health risks. Indeed , aquatic vaccine development, manufacturing, and commercialization has become economically viable in recent years. Currently , two aquatic vaccines for Grouper iridovirus and Streptococcus iniae have been approved and are ava ilable in the Taiwanese market. Our inspection standards for aquatic animal vaccines will adopt and consolidate those from Japan, South Korea, the European Union and China. The methods for vaccine administration in those countries includ e soaking and oral administration , as well as intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection s . The disease pathogens targeted in these countries includ e r ed sea bream iridovirus n ervous necrosis virus Lactococcus garvieae Streptococcus iniae Streptocococcus dysgalactiae Vi brio anguillarum Photobacterium damselae subsp. p iscicida and Edwardsiella tarda Nevertheless, a specific pathogen vaccine will have different specific efficacies, efficiencies and standards for immunization dependent on the fish species. V ariations in vaccine host used during development, strain variations of pathogens based on geography, as well as other factors , present additional obstacles for the inspection and registration of potentially imported aquatic vaccines. I mport ed vaccines wil l thus have to be first tested in field trials on Taiwanese strains and fish species for efficacy, effectiveness, and antibody titers, to determine whether the results are comparable to original tested conditions. T he original imported vaccine test results can thus serve as a reference for the inspection of domestically developed aquaculture vaccines.
Establishment and application of materials required for the monitoring of important swine viral pathogens in Taiwan
Chun Wang
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), seneca valley virus (SVV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are important viral diseases infecting pigs in Taiwan. However, the current cell lines which are widely used for CSFV, SVV, and PRRSV, are not efficient and heterogeneous in terms of permissivity to viral infection. In order to acquire cell lines that can reliably produce CSFV, SVV, and PRRSV in high titers, parent cells will be achieved by undergoing another process of dilution cloning for CSFV, SVV, and PRRSV propagation, respectively. In addition, this project intends to establish the necessary cell materials for the detection of serum antibodies of CSFV, SVV, and PRRSV in pigs and to collect swine serum from domestic pig farms to analyze seroconversion and determine the timeline of antibody production. This will provide the crucial information needed for effective epidemic prevention, and the maintenance of agricultural safety.
A report on technical exchanges for rabies diagnosis and monitoring systems between Taiwan and Japan
Wei-Cheng Hsu
Abstract
Taiwan and Japan have had similar rabies histories, and they both had no local cases for 50 years until 2013 that the first local cases of r abies in wild ferret badgers were discovered in Taiwan. Furthermore, 4 cases of bat rabies were discovered in Taiwan from 2016 2018 . To understand the rabies diagnosis system and control strategy in Taiwan, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan arranged a technological exchange trip and invited o ne researcher at the Animal Health Research Institute to Japan from January 7 19 , 2019 During this visit, f our lectures concerning rabies monitoring in Taiwan were h e ld at the National Institute o f Infectious Diseases , at Hokkaido University , at Miyazaki University , and at the T okushima P refectur e , respectively . At the same several rabies diagnostic laboratories , public health inspection laboratories, and animal shelter s in Japan were visited as well . Through this technological exchange trip , we are thus better able to understand the current state of the rabies diagnosis and monitoring system in Japan and believe that this visit enhance s bilateral communication and friendship betw een Japan and Taiwan.