Genetic Analysis of Avian Paramyxoviruses Isolated from Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry in 2012-2017
Yu-Pin Liu
Abstract
Avian paramyxovirus (APMV) serotype 1 (Newcastle disease, ND) is the most recognized serotype in Taiwan. However, the information about the distribution of all APMVs 1-13 in domestic poultry, wild birds, imported birds and pet birds is limited. This study used molecular analytical techniques to determine the serotype and the distribution of APMVs in birds during 2012 to 2017. Fifty-six APMV isolates were characterized, including 43 APMV-1, 5 APMV-4, 3 APMV-6, 3 APMV-7, 1 APMV-9-like, and 1 APMV-12-like. The results of the phylogenetic analysis of fusion protein genes demonstrated that 43 APMV-1 strains belonged to the linage of class I, and the linage of genotype I, II, VI, VII of class II, respectively. The present study suggests that besides ND, there are at least five more serotypes of APMVs circulating in poultry and wild birds in Taiwan and this result provides insight to the potential influence for avian species on epidemiology investigation.
Detection of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in suspected cases of animal poisoning from 2016 to 2017
Chien-Chih Wu
Abstract
A total of 363 suspected cases of animal poisoning were submitted to Animal Health Research institute from 2016 to 2017, and case samples were subjected to analyze organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MSD) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Carbamate pesticides were detected in 177 cases and organophosphate pesticides were found in 16 cases. Carbofuran was the main pesticide and identified in 142 cases. Other compounds detected in other cases included methomyl in 33 cases, phorate in 8 cases, terbufos in 7 cases, and methiocarb , oxamyl , fenitrothion each in one case. The number of animals involved in the inspection case was the highest in dogs (147 cases), followed by birds (112 cases) and cats (35 cases), and the detection rate was highest in dogs (68.03%), followed by birds (54.46 %). The number of submissions was the highest in January-March (138 cases), and the lowest in July-September (51 cases). The detection rate was also highest in January-March (60.14%) and lowest in July-September (25.49%).